{"id":49114,"date":"2022-03-27T19:09:14","date_gmt":"2022-03-27T17:09:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/grupopedrojaen.com\/atopic-dermatitis-specialists\/"},"modified":"2026-01-28T10:06:06","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T09:06:06","slug":"atopic-dermatitis-specialists","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/grupopedrojaen.com\/en\/atopic-dermatitis-specialists\/","title":{"rendered":"Atopic Dermatitis Unit"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Atopic Dermatitis Unit<\/h1>\n

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En nuestras cl\u00ednicas de Madrid en Calle Serrano 143 y La Moraleja<\/p>\n

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Specialised treatment<\/a><\/p>\n

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What sets us apart<\/a><\/p>\n

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Related units and pages<\/a><\/p>\n

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Treatment centres<\/a><\/p>\n

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– <\/span>Atopic dermatitis specialists<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

–<\/span> What sets us apart<\/a><\/p>\n

– Related units<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

– Treatment centres<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Dermat\u00f3logos especialistas en<\/h2>\n

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Atopic<\/mark> dermatitis treatment for children and adults<\/h2>\n

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When the Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n Atopic Dermatitis Unit was created more than ten years ago, it became the first unit of its kind within the Spanish private healthcare sector. Since then, it has cared for thousands of patients and has become a reference centre for this complex and multifactorial condition, which can significantly affect quality of life\u2014especially in infants and children. <\/p>\n

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Cl\u00ednicas de referencia en Espa\u00f1a<\/h3>\n

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Home<\/a> > Clinical Dermatology<\/a> > Atopic Dermatitis<\/p>\n

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What sets us apart<\/h3>\n

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Experts in complex cases and advanced treatment<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.26.0″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

We offer a specialised approach that combines clinical expertise with the latest therapeutic innovations. Our dermatologists are experts in the condition and in the management of moderate and severe cases, incorporating everything from conventional treatments to biological and targeted therapies. In addition, we work closely with allergists, immunologists and psychologists to address the factors that influence the condition, improving symptom control and quality of life for both child and adult patients. <\/p>\n

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More information<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb title=”Multidisciplinary approach ” url=”#popup_2″ alt=”Comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to atopic dermatitis with allergists, immunologists and psychologists” content_max_width=”100%” module_class=”custom-ad lightbox-trigger-dermatopica2″ _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”|300|||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_font_size=”21px” background_image=”https:\/\/grupopedrojaen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dermatitis-atopica-enfoque-multidisciplinar-01.jpg” max_width=”100%” global_colors_info=”%91%93″]<\/p>\n

More information<\/a><\/p>\n

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More information<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”0882684d-da7d-403e-9ac7-4989af12a4b7″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb title=”Treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult patients” url=”#popup_2″ alt=”Treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult patients” content_max_width=”100%” module_class=”custom-ad lightbox-trigger-dermatopica4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”|300|||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_font_size=”21px” background_image=”https:\/\/grupopedrojaen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/tratamiento-dermatitis-atopica-adultos-002-1.jpg” max_width=”100%” global_colors_info=”%91%93″]<\/p>\n

More information<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb title=”Addressing the psychological impact ” url=”#popup_2″ alt=”Specialised psychological support for patients with atopic dermatitis” content_max_width=”100%” module_class=”custom-ad lightbox-trigger-dermatopica5″ _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”|300|||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_font_size=”21px” background_image=”https:\/\/grupopedrojaen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/impacto-psicologico-dermatitis-atopica-01.jpg” max_width=”100%” global_colors_info=”%91%93″]<\/p>\n

More information<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb title=”Advanced therapies and research” url=”#popup_2″ alt=”Innovative biological and personalised therapies for chronic atopic dermatitis” content_max_width=”100%” module_class=”custom-ad lightbox-trigger-dermatopica6″ _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”|300|||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_font_size=”21px” background_image=”https:\/\/grupopedrojaen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tratamientos-innovadores-dermatitis-atopica-01.jpg” max_width=”100%” global_colors_info=”%91%93″]<\/p>\n

More information<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” module_class=”pa-inline-buttons lightbox-content-dermatopica1″ _builder_version=”4.26.0″ background_color=”#FFFFFF” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”||35px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||35px||false|false” border_radii=”on|10px|10px|10px|10px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ use_custom_width=”on” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ background_enable_image=”off” custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/grupopedrojaen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dermatitis-atopica-tratamientos-segun-severidad-01.jpg” alt=”Treatments tailored to disease severity in paediatric and adult atopic dermatitis” title_text=”Treatments tailored to disease severity in paediatric and adult atopic dermatitis” module_class=”pa-full-height-image-column” _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” animation=”fade_in” global_colors_info=”%91%93″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.26.0″ text_font=”||||||||” header_3_text_align=”left” header_3_font_size=”23px” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Treatments adapted to the severity of the case<\/h3>\n

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Each patient with atopic eczema presents with unique characteristics, so it is essential to tailor treatment to individual needs. Our team carries out a thorough assessment from the first consultation, taking into account factors such as age, medical history and severity of the condition. <\/p>\n

Comprehensive assessment and differential diagnosis<\/strong><\/p>\n

In addition to detailed skin examination, we use complementary tests to detect triggering factors or associated conditions. In complex cases, we collaborate with the Allergy Unit and the Sensitive Skin Unit to rule out intolerances or contact dermatitis. We also assess aspects such as skin barrier function and skin microbiota, which may influence the course of the condition. <\/p>\n

Use of advanced and safe therapies<\/strong><\/p>\n

From topical treatments to systemic options, our unit employs therapeutic strategies supported by scientific evidence. In addition, our dermatologists specialising in atopic dermatitis use phototherapy in selected cases and advanced medications for severe forms, ensuring the best possible control of the condition with maximum safety for the patient. <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” module_class=”pa-inline-buttons lightbox-content-dermatopica2″ _builder_version=”4.26.0″ background_color=”#FFFFFF” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”||35px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||35px||false|false” border_radii=”on|10px|10px|10px|10px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ use_custom_width=”on” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ background_enable_image=”off” custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/grupopedrojaen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dermatitis-atopica-enfoque-multidisciplinar-01.jpg” alt=”Comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to atopic dermatitis with allergists, immunologists and psychologists” title_text=”Comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to atopic dermatitis with allergists, immunologists and psychologists” module_class=”pa-full-height-image-column” _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” animation=”fade_in” global_colors_info=”%91%93″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.26.0″ text_font=”||||||||” header_3_text_align=”left” header_3_font_size=”23px” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Multidisciplinary approach<\/h3>\n

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Eczema can be influenced by multiple factors, so coordination between disciplines is key to achieving effective and sustained control.<\/p>\n

Coordination with the Allergy Unit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Allergy to certain foods, dust mites, pollens or irritants can aggravate eczema flare-ups. Our eczema team therefore works very closely with the Allergy Unit, which specialises in identifying possible triggers through specific tests. This enables us to design strategies to minimise exposure to these factors and improve patients\u2019 response to treatment. <\/p>\n

Coordination with immunology (when needed)<\/strong><\/p>\n

In selected cases, we collaborate with immunology specialists to assess factors that may contribute to persistent inflammation and to guide the choice of advanced therapies. This coordinated approach helps us select the most appropriate treatment strategy and monitor response over time. <\/p>\n

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Treatment of eczema in children<\/h3>\n

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Childhood is a key time to manage eczema effectively and improve a child\u2019s quality of life. Our unit has extensive experience in paediatric dermatology, providing a specialised approach to the treatment and control of the condition in children. <\/p>\n

Specialised paediatric approach<\/strong><\/p>\n

The treatment of eczema in children requires specific management, as children\u2019s skin is more delicate and reactive. We use age-appropriate strategies, combining safe therapies with preventive measures to reduce flare-ups and relieve itching. In addition, we support parents by helping them understand how to manage the condition at home. <\/p>\n

Atopy School: education for parents and children<\/strong><\/p>\n

The first private Atopy School in Madrid is a pioneering initiative that helps families manage eczema more effectively. Through practical workshops, we teach daily care techniques, how to apply treatments correctly and strategies to avoid scratching. We also offer activities adapted to children\u2019s needs, helping them learn to identify triggers and actively participate in their own care, improving long-term outcomes. <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” module_class=”pa-inline-buttons lightbox-content-dermatopica4″ _builder_version=”4.26.0″ background_color=”#FFFFFF” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”||35px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||35px||false|false” border_radii=”on|10px|10px|10px|10px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ use_custom_width=”on” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ background_enable_image=”off” custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/grupopedrojaen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/tratamiento-dermatitis-atopica-adultos-002-1.jpg” alt=”Treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult patients” title_text=”Treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult patients” module_class=”pa-full-height-image-column” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” animation=”fade_in” global_colors_info=”%91%93″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.25.1″ custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” header_3_text_align=”left” header_3_font_size=”23px” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult patients<\/h3>\n

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La dermatitis at\u00f3pica se ha considerado tradicionalmente una enfermedad infantil, pero la experiencia cl\u00ednica y los datos recientes revelan que su frecuencia en adultos ha sido subestimada. Algunos pacientes mantienen s\u00edntomas desde la infancia, mientras que en otros, aparentemente resueltos, la enfermedad reaparece m\u00e1s tarde, a menudo en manos o en cabeza y cuello. Estos cambios cl\u00ednicos y la falta de recuerdos o registros infantiles dificultan el diagn\u00f3stico, por lo que un enfoque especializado es clave para su correcta identificaci\u00f3n y tratamiento. <\/p>\n

Specialised approach<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fundamental step in establishing effective treatment is ensuring an accurate diagnosis. It is essential to differentiate adult atopic dermatitis from other causes of dermatitis, such as irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis. Moreover, these forms of contact dermatitis may coexist with atopic dermatitis, worsening symptoms and hindering an adequate therapeutic response. For this reason, our dermatologists specialising in atopic dermatitis have all the necessary diagnostic tools, as well as extensive experience in the management of atopic disease in adulthood. <\/p>\n

Access to the latest treatments<\/strong><\/p>\n

We offer the full range of treatments for adult atopic dermatitis, including phototherapy and topical, oral or injectable medications. These options range from conventional immunomodulatory therapies to the most advanced, next-generation treatments.<\/p>\n

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Addressing the psychological impact<\/h3>\n

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Eczema not only affects the skin; it can also have a significant impact on quality of life. Discomfort from persistent itching, redness and visible skin damage can lead to stress, anxiety and low self-esteem. In our unit, we take a holistic approach and include emotional wellbeing as part of care. <\/p>\n

Psychological support for children and adults<\/strong><\/p>\n

Physical discomfort and changes in self-image can lead to social isolation and reduced quality of life. We therefore offer specialised psychological support to help patients manage the stress and anxiety the condition can generate. <\/p>\n

Patient empowerment education programmes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Beyond clinical treatment, we teach patients how to manage their condition in everyday life. Through educational programmes, we provide guidance on how to avoid scratching, improve sleep quality and apply treatments correctly. These strategies help patients gain more control over their condition and reduce the frequency of flare-ups. <\/p>\n

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Advanced therapies and research<\/h3>\n

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Itching and recurrent flare-ups are two of the most challenging aspects of atopic dermatitis. Effective control is essential to help break the itch\u2013scratch cycle that perpetuates inflammation and skin damage. <\/p>\n

Eficacia antiinflamatoria de la fototerapia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is an effective option for reducing disease flares and inflammation in patients with chronic atopic dermatitis. This treatment helps modulate the skin\u2019s immune response, reducing pruritus and promoting skin regeneration, in some cases without the need for systemic medications. It is a safe therapeutic alternative that allows flares to be spaced out and improves overall skin texture. <\/p>\n

Terapias avanzadas para casos graves e investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica<\/strong><\/p>\n

For patients with more severe forms of atopic dermatitis, we use targeted treatments designed to block the inflammatory mechanisms underlying the disease. These therapies have demonstrated high efficacy and safety, allowing for sustained disease control without the adverse effects associated with other systemic treatments. In addition, we provide preferential access to clinical trials conducted at the International Center for Medical Research (ICMR), a reference centre in Spain and Europe dedicated to the research of inflammatory and\/or immune-mediated dermatological diseases. <\/p>\n

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Atopic Dermatitis<\/h3>\n

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M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre la patolog\u00eda y nuestros profesionales<\/p>\n

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What it is, causes, symptoms and treatment<\/h2>\n

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A guide to understanding atopic dermatitis<\/h2>\n

It is estimated that in Spain approximately 30% of children under the age of 10 are affected by this condition. In fact, atopic dermatitis accounts for more than one third of consultations in our Paediatric Dermatology Unit<\/a>. However, although it is primarily a childhood condition that often improves over time, atopic dermatitis does not always resolve in adulthood. <\/p>\n

In addition, while skin symptoms are the most visible and widely recognised, atopic dermatitis is also associated with inflammatory processes, an increased risk of allergies and even asthma. It also has a significant psychological impact, as many patients report difficulties in social interaction at school, at work and in their personal lives.<\/p>\n

For this reason, the Atopic Dermatitis Unit works closely with the Group\u2019s Allergy Unit to provide comprehensive care for atopic patients of all ages and in all clinical situations.<\/p>\n

Although atopic dermatitis is not usually considered a severe disease, early diagnosis and ongoing follow-up by a dermatologist specialising in atopic dermatitis are essential in order to initiate appropriate treatment as early as possible and prevent disease progression.<\/p>\n

Clinical experience at our centre shows that effective control of severe flare-ups during childhood leads to a much more favourable long-term course of atopic skin, improved quality of life, fewer associated complications and less residual skin damage.<\/p>\n

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What is atopic dermatitis?<\/h3>\n

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory skin disease with a hereditary component. It occurs in flare-ups and is characterised primarily by eczema (red patches affecting different areas of the skin surface) accompanied by intense itching. The itching can significantly interfere with daily life and routine activities and often leads to skin damage due to scratching, with an increased risk of infection. <\/p>\n

Skin manifestations of atopic dermatitis typically appear during the first year of life, progress in flare-ups throughout childhood and tend to improve in adulthood, although this is not always the case. <\/p>\n

The exact incidence of atopic dermatitis is difficult to determine. However, in developed countries it is estimated to affect up to one third of the paediatric population. Around 60% of cases are diagnosed before the age of one, and approximately 85% occur within the first five years of life. Over time, the disease often evolves favourably, although it persists into adulthood in an estimated 3% to 10% of the population. <\/p>\n

Atopic dermatitis affects both sexes equally and is associated with a clear genetic predisposition. Approximately 20% to 30% of children with atopic dermatitis have one affected parent, a figure that rises to 40%\u201350% when both parents are affected. <\/p>\n

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Causes and symptoms of atopic dermatitis<\/h3>\n

The term atopy, derived from the Greek a-topos meaning \u201cout of place\u201d or \u201cunusual\u201d, was coined in 1923 by the American immunologist Arthur F. Coca to describe conditions that did not fit into previously recognised disease categories, such as allergies, eczema and asthma<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Despite having been described over a century ago, the precise causes of atopic dermatitis are still not fully understood. What is well established is that eczema in atopic patients results from a disruption of the skin barrier (the protective layer that prevents dehydration and blocks the entry of potentially harmful agents), combined with an exaggerated inflammatory response of the immune system when exposed to certain triggers such as cosmetics, pollen, pet dander, chemicals, detergents and similar substances. <\/p>\n

Multiple factors contribute to impairment of the skin barrier, making it more permeable to irritants. Notably, atopic dermatitis is considered a disease of industrialised societies and is far less common in developing countries or less advantaged regions. It is also more prevalent in urban environments and less frequent in rural areas. <\/p>\n

This observation, together with the fact that the prevalence of atopic dermatitis has tripled over the past three decades in industrialised countries, has led the scientific community to suggest that in addition to genetic predisposition, environmental and lifestyle factors play a significant role. These may include air pollution, dietary factors, exposure to certain unidentified toxins during pregnancy, antibiotic use during pregnancy, and prolonged exposure to toxic substances in everyday life.<\/p>\n

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The most common and characteristic symptom of atopic dermatitis is the appearance of eczema\u2014reddened, inflamed skin with scaling or oozing\u2014in a specific area, accompanied by intense itching. This itching often leads to vigorous scratching, which worsens inflammation, aggravates eczema and increases the risk of wounds and excoriations. These lesions are highly prone to infection and may result in scarring.<\/p>\n

The location of eczema varies according to the patient\u2019s age. In infants, it commonly affects the face, trunk and limbs. In older children, lesions more frequently appear in the flexural areas of the arms and legs, as well as on the neck and feet. In adults, typical locations include the nape of the neck, elbows, backs of the hands and feet, and flexural areas of the wrists and legs. However, many adults with atopic dermatitis also show residual lesions characteristic of childhood disease. <\/p>\n

There are also atypical manifestations of atopic dermatitis that must be considered, as they can complicate diagnosis. At the Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n Atopic Dermatitis Unit, the following atypical presentations are also evaluated <\/p>\n

Pityriasis alba <\/strong><\/p>\n

Rounded, whitish, scaly patches that do not itch and appear on apparently healthy skin of the face and limbs.<\/p>\n

Atopic prurigo<\/strong><\/p>\n

An eruption of papules, most commonly on the legs, associated with intense itching that often leads to deep lesions and ulceration.<\/p>\n

Juvenile plantar dermatitis <\/strong><\/p>\n

Relatively common in children and adolescents who frequently wear sports footwear. It is characterised by redness of the soles and undersides of the toes, which appear shiny and parchment-like. Fissures may develop in some cases. <\/p>\n

Acrovesiculosis <\/strong><\/p>\n

Vesicles on the fingers and\/or palms of the hands and feet, causing itching, oozing, crusting, scaling and fissures. These lesions may also be painful. <\/p>\n

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Complications associated with atopic dermatitis<\/h3>\n

Atopic dermatitis is a clinical condition with implications that extend far beyond the skin. It is associated with other diseases such as contact dermatitis,<\/a> bronchial asthma and various types of allergy\u2014including respiratory, food, drug-related, insect sting allergies, Anisakis<\/a> allergy and latex sensitivity\u2014as well as gluten sensitivity and other immunological and metabolic disorders. <\/p>\n

Patients with atopic dermatitis are also more susceptible to skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, which may lead to impetigo, herpes simplex infections, molluscum contagiosum, fungal infections and warts.<\/p>\n

In addition, patients with atopic dermatitis often experience irritability, anxiety, feelings of guilt, rejection, bullying and social isolation\u2014whether imposed by others or self-imposed due to embarrassment. These factors can have a significant negative impact on personal development and social relationships. As most patients are children, close monitoring of emotional wellbeing is essential in order to detect and address potential psychological imbalances early. <\/p>\n

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“At Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n, we have established the first Atopy School within the private healthcare sector in Madrid”<\/em><\/em><\/h4>\n

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Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis<\/h3>\n

In most cases, no specific tests are required to diagnose atopic dermatitis. A detailed medical history, the presence of first- and\/or second-degree family history, together with clinical examination of the lesions and their distribution, are usually sufficient for the specialist to determine the diagnosis. <\/p>\n

However, in cases where the diagnosis is not clear, additional tests may be indicated. These may include skin biopsy, blood tests, or allergy and food intolerance testing, in order to assess the presence of other conditions that may be associated with atopic dermatitis.<\/p>\n

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Treatment of atopic dermatitis<\/h3>\n

Atopic dermatitis currently has no cure. However, there are effective therapies available to relieve symptoms, control flare-ups, improve patients\u2019 quality of life and prevent complications. <\/p>\n

The disease follows a course of flare-ups alternating with periods of remission, during which the skin may appear healthy but remains susceptible to new flare-ups. For this reason, the challenge for specialists in atopic dermatitis is not only to treat eczema once it appears, but also to prolong remission periods as much as possible. <\/p>\n

At the Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n Atopic Dermatitis Unit, a multidisciplinary approach is adopted, with each case assessed individually in order to implement the most appropriate therapeutic strategy. Clinical experience shows that outcomes are generally better when several treatment modalities are combined rather than relying on monotherapy.<\/p>\n

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Itching, or pruritus, is a normal sensory response to irritating stimuli affecting the skin, such as insect bites or contact with irritants. Scratching is a reflex action aimed at relieving this sensation, although it often worsens the itch. <\/p>\n

In patients with atopic dermatitis, itching becomes part of a particularly intense vicious cycle. During flare-ups, patients experience severe itching that leads to scratching. Scratching, in turn, intensifies the itch and promotes more aggressive scratching, ultimately resulting in excoriations and painful wounds that may bleed and become infected. Breaking this cycle is essential for effective flare-up control. <\/p>\n

Relieving itching is crucial for several reasons. First, pruritus in atopic patients is significantly more intense than usual and can severely interfere with daily activities, particularly because most patients are children. Second, scratching leads to skin damage that may progress to infections, ulcers and scarring, requiring specific medical treatment. <\/p>\n

Initial management of itching is typically based on topical medications that inhibit histamine release, a cellular signalling molecule involved in several biological reactions, including the sensation of itch.<\/p>\n

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Patients with atopic dermatitis have a marked tendency towards skin dehydration and scaling due to impairment of the skin barrier, which allows excessive water loss. Dry skin causes tightness and itching and acts as a trigger for flare-ups and eczema, with all the associated consequences described above. Management of skin dryness is based on the use of emollient creams designed to repair the skin barrier, restore hydration and prevent water loss. These products are specifically formulated for atopic skin to minimise irritation. <\/p>\n

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Eczema lesions characteristic of atopic skin are primarily treated with anti-inflammatory medications aimed at controlling inflammation<\/strong> during flare-ups. Depending on the individual case, these treatments may be combined with additional therapies to manage infection<\/strong> (when present), modulate the exaggerated immune response<\/strong>\u2014often once the flare-up has been controlled\u2014or, in selected cases, advanced therapies<\/strong> targeting specific molecular pathways involved in atopic inflammation. <\/p>\n

In selected patients who do not respond to other treatment lines, and particularly in adults, some of these medications may be administered orally or by injection.<\/p>\n

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Controlled exposure to ultraviolet radiation is used as a therapeutic option in selected cases of atopic dermatitis, generally as a second-line treatment, due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Phototherapy is usually reserved for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults. In children, it is only considered in severe cases, according to specialist judgement. <\/p>\n

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Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n Atopy School<\/h3>\n

Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n is part of the Atopy School programme of the Fondation Dermatite Atopique<\/a>. The extensive experience of our centre in paediatric dermatology, together with our distinctive approach to managing atopic dermatitis, has made it possible to implement and develop this initiative. The Atopy School is conceived as a space for listening, learning and exchange, aimed at both parents and children affected by this skin condition. <\/p>\n

In addition to collaborating and sharing expertise with other specialists within the network created by the French foundation, the Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n Atopy School regularly organises participatory workshops designed to train parents in the management of atopic dermatitis and to help children develop self-management skills\u2014an essential factor in improving medium- and long-term prognosis.<\/p>\n

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One of the main objectives of the atopic dermatitis workshops is to help both children and adults understand the disease by providing practical, evidence-based information supported by scientific knowledge. The sessions usually begin with an educational talk addressing the key aspects of atopic dermatitis, its clinical course, available treatments and the most relevant recent advances in this field. <\/p>\n

This is followed by a round-table discussion focusing on the most common questions and controversial issues, such as the use of topical corticosteroids, living with pets, hygiene routines and daily skincare. These discussions involve families and specialists from the Atopic Dermatitis Unit and aim to address the disease in a holistic manner while helping clinicians better understand the concerns and needs of affected families. <\/p>\n

At the same time, children participate in parallel sessions with other members of the unit, where\u2014through playful activities, games and drawings\u2014they learn how to control itching, scratch without causing harm, apply prescribed creams correctly and identify triggering factors.<\/p>\n

The main goal is to create an educational environment that encourages experience-sharing, disease awareness and patient empowerment, ultimately improving disease control and long-term outcomes.<\/p>\n

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More information<\/h3>\n

Below you will find practical advice, answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about atopic dermatitis, as well as the authorship and references for the information provided on this page:<\/p>\n

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How to break the itch\u2013scratch cycle <\/strong><\/p>\n

When the skin itches, avoiding scratching is extremely difficult for anyone\u2014especially when the patient is a child. However, it is important for children with atopic dermatitis to learn as early as possible how to control this natural impulse. To do so, they should learn to identify the factors that contribute to itching (inflammation, dry air, heat, dry skin, etc.) and develop strategies to avoid scratching\u2014or at least to do so gently. <\/p>\n

At the Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n Atopy School, workshops are held regularly to help parents understand that simply saying \u201cdon\u2019t scratch\u201d not only fails to prevent scratching, but often increases the child\u2019s anxiety and urge to do so.<\/p>\n

For this reason, we teach distraction strategies so that children stop focusing on the itch and have an alternative activity that reduces the frequency of scratching. These activities may range from crafts to colouring, or helping with a task their parents are doing. Relaxation techniques can also help control the urge to scratch intensely. <\/p>\n

It is helpful to keep a moisturiser close at hand to apply a thin layer as soon as itching begins, and to repeat moisturising routines several times a day to prevent dryness. Spraying thermal water or applying cold to the itchy area can also reduce itching, as cold \u201ctricks\u201d itch receptors. A very useful tip is to keep creams and sprays in the fridge so they remain cool at all times. <\/p>\n

In addition, children should be taught not to scratch with their nails, but instead to use soft alternatives that do not damage the skin, such as mittens, gloves, the back of the hand or the fingertips.<\/p>\n

How to control unconscious scratching <\/strong><\/p>\n

Distraction strategies can help reduce unconscious daytime scratching, but it is important to remember that children with atopic dermatitis may also scratch when they are distracted or at night while asleep. To help prevent this, children should sleep in lightweight cotton pyjamas, the bedroom should not be overheated, and they may go to bed wearing cotton or silk gloves or mittens. Bedding should be changed frequently and washed with mild detergents, without fabric softener. <\/p>\n

Daily hygiene for atopic patients <\/strong><\/p>\n

Patients with atopic dermatitis should generally choose showers rather than baths, as the longer the skin remains in contact with water, the more it becomes dehydrated. For this reason, showers should be brief, and it is advisable to turn off the water while soaping. Water temperature should be kept between 32 and 34\u00b0C, as very hot water increases evaporation from the skin. <\/p>\n

That said, bathing a very young child is not always easy, and a bath may be more practical. In these cases, it is advisable to add an emollient product to bath water (there are water-dispersible oils specifically designed for atopic skin) and to keep the bath under ten minutes. <\/p>\n

Syndet (soap-free) cleansers should be used, with a pH as close as possible to that of the skin (5.5\u20135.6), to avoid dryness and preserve the integrity of the skin barrier. These products are best applied with the hands rather than sponges or shower gloves. Shampoo should also be gentle and suitable for frequent use. <\/p>\n

After washing, the skin should be dried with a soft towel by patting gently, avoiding excessive rubbing, as this can trigger itching. Immediately afterwards, the skin must be moisturised with products specifically formulated for atopic skin, designed to restore the skin barrier and prevent moisture loss. Applying emollient cream to slightly damp skin helps reduce dehydration, as the product penetrates more effectively. <\/p>\n

It is important not to apply moisturisers to areas with active eczema, and to keep nails consistently short and clean.<\/p>\n

Holidays and atopic dermatitis <\/strong><\/p>\n

Higher temperatures, fewer febrile illnesses and travel to more humid coastal areas often lead to improvement in children with atopic dermatitis. However, not all summer-related factors are equally beneficial, and in some cases symptoms may worsen significantly during this time of year. <\/p>\n

For example, chlorine in swimming pools can aggravate eczema, and daily hygiene in holiday destinations with very hard water (high in limescale) or high magnesium content may increase irritation in this type of skin. However, it is neither possible nor desirable to deprive children of enjoyable time in the pool, nor is it possible to change the composition of tap water at the destination. <\/p>\n

For this reason, it is advisable to visit the dermatologist before travelling, so that the specialist can assess the child\u2019s skin and help design a personalised plan to enjoy the summer while minimising discomfort.<\/p>\n

The specialist may also recommend barrier creams that help protect the skin from chlorinated water. These creams are formulated to repel water and create a protective layer between water and the skin. The aim is to prevent water loss from within the skin and reduce contact between chlorinated or salty water and atopic skin. Barrier creams can also help reduce irritation from other fluids (saliva, urine, sweat, etc.) that may affect certain areas (around the mouth, the nappy area, armpits, and so on). <\/p>\n

Finally, it is advisable to keep bathing time as short as possible. After leaving the water, the skin should be rinsed thoroughly with fresh water after each swim, and the usual emollient should be applied at the end of each day. <\/p>\n

Regarding sun protection, children with atopic dermatitis should use physical sunscreens\u2014also known as mineral filters\u2014because they contain particles that are not absorbed by the skin and remain on the surface. This helps avoid penetration of chemical substances such as octocrylene (present in many conventional sunscreens), which may irritate atopic skin in the short term or contribute to allergy development in the long term. These sunscreens should ideally be water-resistant, although they must still be reapplied every two hours. <\/p>\n

In carefully selected cases, dermatologists may recommend brief daily sun exposure without sunscreen for only a few minutes, in order to improve the skin in a way similar to controlled phototherapy used in clinical settings. This approach aims to take advantage of the sun\u2019s immunomodulatory effects, which can be beneficial in several skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis. <\/p>\n

In any case, during the summer months it is important not to neglect daily skincare routines for children with atopic dermatitis and\u2014unless the dermatologist advises otherwise\u2014to maintain them even when travelling to destinations where dermatitis tends to improve.<\/p>\n

Atopic dermatitis at school <\/strong><\/p>\n

As with other chronic conditions, coping in the school environment can be a real challenge for children with atopic dermatitis. The intense itching characteristic of this disorder increases the likelihood of behaviours that may be uncomfortable or difficult for teachers and classmates to understand, such as irritability or drowsiness (due to antihistamine use or poor sleep). <\/p>\n

Children with atopic dermatitis often sleep poorly, which may affect mood and school performance. For this reason, school staff should be familiar with the condition in order to minimise its impact.<\/p>\n

These behaviours are not related to poor conduct in class and may be more pronounced during exam periods, as anxiety and stress are clear triggers for flare-ups and therefore for intense itching. With understanding and appropriate support, however, a child with atopic dermatitis can lead a completely normal school life. <\/p>\n

Teachers and school nursing staff should be informed of the student\u2019s condition so they can help when needed, but the child must learn to follow the treatment and self-care plan prescribed by the dermatologist. Families should inform the school about the medication the child is taking, and the child should carry their creams, gloves, mittens, etc., for use when necessary. <\/p>\n

It is advisable for the child to be able to shower after sports activities, using their specific products. If the child wears a uniform and the fabric contains synthetics or wool, it is advisable to wear a cotton undershirt underneath. Although wool is a natural fibre, it is not recommended for atopic skin. <\/p>\n

A special diet is not required unless the child also has a confirmed food allergy or intolerance.<\/p>\n

Corticosteroid phobia: is it justified? <\/strong><\/p>\n

In clinical practice, there are many medications with an undeserved negative reputation. Dermatology is no exception. In atopic dermatitis, topical corticosteroids often cause reluctance or rejection despite being safe and effective. <\/p>\n

It is common for parents of children with atopic dermatitis to feel hesitant about applying the topical corticosteroid prescribed by the dermatologist, due to fear or lack of understanding regarding its benefits and correct use.<\/p>\n

However, topical corticosteroids have proven effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, including in paediatric patients. Their strong anti-inflammatory effect and local action make them a key tool for the atopic dermatitis specialist. Avoiding these medications or using them incorrectly worsens eczema and negatively affects medium- and long-term prognosis. <\/p>\n

How to apply topical corticosteroids correctly <\/strong><\/p>\n